Knowledge and utilisation of information and communication technology among radiographers in a lower-middle-income country.

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the current ICT-related experience is essential for planning and effectively implementing quality healthcare services. Hence, this study aims to assess the knowledge and utilisation of ICT among radiographers in Sri Lanka. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 590 practicing radiographers in Sri Lanka. Data was collected through a postal survey using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: socio-demographic characteristics, existing knowledge of ICT, and utilisation of ICT applications and facilities. RESULTS: A total of 416 radiographers returned the questionnaire giving a response rate of 70.5%. Considering the overall ICT knowledge, 24.0% of the respondents possessed good knowledge, while 54.3% and 21.6% reported having fair and poor knowledge, respectively. The knowledge of ICT was significantly associated with gender, age, level of education, duration of service, and previous ICT training experience (p < 0.05). Digital radiography and electronic patient record (EPR) systems were used by 8% and 17.8% of respondents, respectively. Inadequate ICT facilities (56.7%) were identified as the most significant challenge for radiographers to use ICT. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the respondents in this study had a fair knowledge of ICT, and this knowledge was significantly associated with certain demographic factors. Further, it was found that access to certain ICT applications, such as digital radiography and EPR systems, is limited. Hence, this study highlighted the importance of providing systematic, comprehensive and regular ICT training programmes and improving access to ICT facilities for radiographers. IMPLICATIONS OF PRACTICE: The study provides insight into the significance of improving ICT literacy among radiographers in the field. In addition, the findings may draw policymakers' attention to improving radiographers' access to the latest technologies.

New Trends in Digital Technology-Based Psychological and EducationalAssessment / Nuevas Tendencias en Evaluación Psicológica y Educativa Apoyada en Tecnologías Digitales

Background: The emergence of digital technology in the field of psychological and educational measurement and assessment broadens the traditional concept of pencil and paper tests. New assessment models built on the proliferation of smartphones, social networks and software developments are opening up new horizons in the field. Method: This study is divided into four sections, each discussing the benefits and limitations of a specific type of technology-based assessment: ambulatory assessment, social networks, gamification and forced-choice testing. Results: The latest developments are clearly relevant in the field of psychological and educational measurement and assessment. Among other benefits, they bring greater ecological validity to the assessment process and eliminate the bias associated with retrospective assessment. Conclusions: Some of these new approaches point to a multidisciplinary scenario with a tradition which has yet to be created. Psychometrics must secure a place in this new world by contributing sound expertise in the measurement of psychological variables. The challenges and debates facing the field of psychology as it incorporates these new approaches are also discussed.(AU)

Antecedentes: La irrupción de la tecnología digital en las áreas de medición y evaluación psicológica y educativa expande el concepto clásico de test de lápiz y papel. Los modelos de evaluación construidos sobre la ubicuidad de los smartphones, las redes sociales o el desarrollo del software abren nuevas posibilidades para la evaluación. Método: El estudio se organiza en cuatro partes en cada una de las cuales se discuten las ventajas y limitaciones de una aplicación de la tecnología a la evaluación: la evaluación ambulatoria, las redes sociales, la gamificación y las pruebas de elección forzosa. Resultados: Los nuevos desarrollos resultan claramente relevantes en el ámbito de la medición y la evaluación psicológica y educativa. Entre otras ventajas, aportan una mayor validez ecológica al proceso evaluativo y eliminan el sesgo relacionado con la evaluación retrospectiva. Conclusiones: Algunas de estas nuevas aproximaciones llevan a un escenario multidisciplinar con una tradición aún por construir. La psicometría está obligada a integrarse en este nuevo espacio aportando una sólida experiencia en la medición de variables psicológicas. Se muestran los temas de debate y retos que ha de abordar el buen quehacer de la psicología en la incorporación de estas nuevas aproximaciones.(AU)

Tecnoadicción y uso compulsivo de internet en estudiantes universitarios / Technology addiction and compulsive internet use in university

Introducción: uno de los efectos nocivos de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) es su uso sin control, lo que ha generado una adicción hacia ellas. Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia de tecnoadicción de las TIC en estudiantes universitarios de nivel superior, posgrado y profesionistas de diferentes áreas. Metodología: estudio descriptivo cuya población fueron universitarios de nivel superior, posgrado y profesionistas de diferentes áreas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) y del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) durante el ciclo escolar 2020-2. El muestreo fue no probabilístico. Resultados: al analizar los datos de la Escala de adicción de internet, el 49% respondió que permanece en internet más tiempo del que desea y el 38.2% mencionó que intenta reducir la cantidad de tiempo que pasa en línea. En cuanto al uso compulsivo, el 32.8% mencionó que sigue usando internet a pesar de que su intención es reducir su uso; el 30.5% dice que está corto de sueño debido al uso de internet. Conclusiones: existe tecnoadicción entre profesionistas y estudiantes universitarios de nivel superior y posgrado de la UNAM y del IPN. El personal de salud debe establecer estrategias de prevención del uso del internet para evitar trastornos de salud mental como depresión y aislamiento, entre otros.

Background: One of the harmful effects of the information and communication technologies (ICTs) is their uncontrolled use, which has generated an addiction to them. Objective: To know the prevalence of technology addiction of ICTs in university students of higher level, postgraduate and professionals from different areas. Methodology: Descriptive study whose population was university students of higher level, postgraduate degrees and professionals from different areas of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN) during the 2020-2 school year. The sampling was non-probabilistic. Results: When analyzing the data of the Internet addiction scale, 49% responded that they stay on the internet much more time than what they want to, and 38.2% mentioned that they try to reduce the amount of time they spend online. As for compulsive use, 32.8% mentioned that they continue to use the internet despite the fact that their intention is to use it less; 30.5% say they are short of sleep due to internet use. Conclusions: There is technology addiction among professionals and university students of higher and postgraduate levels of UNAM and IPN. Health personnel must establish prevention strategies for the use of internet, in orded to avoid mental health disorders such as depression, isolation, among others.

Firing on all cylinders: Configuring information technology around the constituents of corporate entrepreneurship to outperform in SME sector.

This study has examined how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) may enhance their performance under different settings of information technology (IT) capabilities and corporate entrepreneurship (CE). Established on the dynamic capability view, the researchers have analyzed the connections between IT capabilities and CE, in addition to the performance results of SMEs. The research has explored these novel relationships by utilizing partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with a data sample of 447 SMEs of the manufacturing sector in Pakistan. The findings present that IT capabilities positively influence the market and financial performance of SMEs through the mediating role of CE dimensions. The study uniquely determines the mediating role of dimensional effects of corporate entrepreneurship between IT capabilities and performance outcomes of firms. Thus, the study would enable the management of SMEs to realize the potential of IT-related CE dimensions and their use to improve firms' performance.

Barriers to learning a new technology to go online among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the importance of using information and communication technology (ICT) to address daily and healthcare needs. The barriers for older adults in the United States to learn a new technology to go online during the pandemic remain to be studied. METHODS: Using data from the 2019-2020 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative survey of older Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older in the United States, we used multivariable logistic regression models to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with learning a new technology to go online during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Our sample represented 23,547,688 older adults nationally, of which the majority (60.2%) increased ICT use during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, most older adults (71.8%) did not report learning a new technology to go online. Those who did not learn a new technology to go online had less of an increase in ICT use than those who learned either with help or by themselves (50.7% vs. 78.4% or 89.2% respectively, p < 0.01). The odds of learning a new technology decreased with increasing age (aOR [95%CI] = 0.96 [0.94-0.98]), being male (aOR [95%CI] = 0.56 [0.45-0.72]), having lower than high school educational attainment (aOR [95%CI] = 0.38 [0.29-0.50]), decreasing income levels (aORs ranged from 0.28 to 0.54), and self-reported fair or poor general health (aOR [95%CI] = 0.65 [0.47-0.90]). CONCLUSION: The identified sociodemographic and clinical factors could inform targeted intervention strategies to improve ICT use among older adults during the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and in the future.

Information and communication technology literacy, knowledge and readiness for electronic medical record system adoption among health professionals in a tertiary hospital, Myanmar: A cross-sectional study.

Some developing countries are currently introducing and implementing an electronic medical record system (EMRs) for improvement in healthcare delivery services. Availability of information and communication technology (ICT), technical skillful staff, and strong resistance to change by the health professionals impacted the successful adoption of EMRs. This study aimed to assess the ICT literacy, knowledge, and readiness for EMRs adoption among health professionals in a tertiary hospital, Myanmar. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 118 health professionals involving in a tertiary hospital at Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar from February to April 2020 using a stratified sampling method. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire after getting informed consent. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 23.0. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis were performed to assess the associated factors of ICT literacy, knowledge, and overall readiness for EMRs adoption. The prevalence of high ICT literacy and knowledge on EMRs among health professionals were 20.3% and 24.6% respectively. The factors associated with ICT literacy were professional, education, duration of service, and reported English language skills. Duration of service was associated with knowledge on EMRs. The overall readiness was 54.2% (core readiness 59.3% and engagement readiness 61.9%), and postgraduate [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 7.32, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.26-23.68] and knowledge on EMRs (AOR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.13-1.43) were the factors associated with overall readiness for EMRs adoption. Expanding infrastructure and provision of ICT development training are crucial for the improvement of ICT literacy. EMRs training program enabling hands-on experience should be implemented for improvement of knowledge on EMRs. In general, the overall readiness for EMRs adoption was found to be moderate. Enhancing the establishment of comprehensive on-the-job training and contextualization of curriculum in EMRs training program are recommended to improve the health professionals' readiness for EMRs adoption.

Evolution of working conditions under the impact of ICTs.

INTRODUCTION: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) play a major role in the current evolution of work. They are both a great tool for emancipating human beings from the most tedious and most dangerous tasks and an effective vector for intensifying work. METHODS: On the basis of three foresight exercises carried out in recent years and by describing concrete examples of work organizations, the authors highlight the main possible trends for the changes to come. CONCLUSIONS: They conclude on a few general principles that could allow the establishment of a win-win policy.

Sources of individual differences in adults' ICT skills: A large-scale empirical test of a new guiding framework.

We develop an integrative conceptual framework that seeks to explain individual differences in the ability to use information and communication technologies (ICT skills). Building on practice engagement theory, this framework views the continued usage of digital technologies at work and in everyday life (ICT use) as the key prerequisite for the acquisition of ICT skills. At the same time, the framework highlights that ICT use is itself contingent upon individual and contextual preconditions. We apply this framework to data from two recent German large-scale studies (N = 2,495 and N = 2,786, respectively) that offer objective measures of adults' ICT skills. Findings support our framework's view of ICT use as a key prerequisite for ICT skills. Moreover, they demonstrate that literacy skills have strong associations with ICT skills, largely by virtue of their indirect associations through ICT use. By comparison, regional digital cultures (as proxied by internet domain registration rates) evince only limited explanatory power for individual differences in ICT skills.

Digitized smart surveillance and micromanagement using information technology for malaria elimination in Mangaluru, India: an analysis of five-year post-digitization data.

BACKGROUND: Malaria control system (MCS), an Information technology (IT)-driven surveillance and monitoring intervention is being adopted for elimination of malaria in Mangaluru city, Karnataka, India since October 2015. This has facilitated 'smart surveillance' followed by required field response within a timeline. The system facilitated data collection of individual case, data driven mapping and strategies for malaria elimination programme. This paper aims to present the analysis of post-digitization data of 5 years, discuss the current operational functionalities of MCS and its impact on the malaria incidence. METHODS: IT system developed for robust malaria surveillance and field response is being continued in the sixth year. Protocol for surveillance control was followed as per the national programme guidelines mentioned in an earlier publication. Secondary data from the malaria control system was collated and analysed. Incidence of malaria, active surveillance, malariogenic conditions and its management, malariometric indices, shrinking malaria maps were also analysed. RESULTS: Smart surveillance and subsequent response for control was sustained and performance improved in five years with participation of all stakeholders. Overall malaria incidence significantly reduced by 83% at the end of 5 years when compared with year of digitization (DY) (p < 0.001). Early reporting of new cases (within 48 h) was near total followed by complete treatment and vector control. Slide positivity rate (SPR) decreased from 10.36 (DY) to 6.5 (PDY 5). Annual parasite incidence (API) decreased from 16.17 (DY) to 2.64 (PDY 5). There was a negative correlation between contact smears and incidence of malaria. Five-year data analyses indicated declining trends in overall malaria incidence and correlation between closures by 14 days. The best impact on reduction in incidence of malaria was recorded in the pre-monsoon months (~ 85%) compared to lower impact in July-August months (~ 40%). CONCLUSION: MCS helped to micromanage control activities, such as robust reporting, incidence-centric active surveillance, early and complete treatment, documentation of full treatment of each malaria patient, targeted mosquito control measures in houses surrounding reported cases. The learnings and analytical output from the data helped to modify strategies for control of both disease and the vector, heralding the city into the elimination stage.

Information Technology Use and Cyberbullying Behavior in South Thailand: A Test of the Goldilocks Hypothesis.

There has been concern about the effects of high levels of internet use on the mental well-being of young people. This has generally been phrased in terms of a displacement hypothesis, that the extent of internet use and mental well-being are directly proportional. This linear model has been contrasted with a Goldilocks Hypothesis, proposed by Przybylski and Weinstein. This supposes that moderate levels of internet use may be the least harmful, conforming to a curvilinear relationship. Here these hypotheses were tested on a sample of 1140 adolescents (42% boys, 58% girls) aged 12-18 years, in 12 schools from Southern Thailand. We first report levels of internet use, and of cybervictimization, taken as one important aspect of mental well-being. We then assess the relationship of four factors of internet use (frequency, time spent, number of places accessed, number of activities) with (a) being a victim of cyberbullying, and (b) being a frequent victim; taking these as indicators of mental well-being. For (a) there was limited evidence of a Goldilocks effect on two out of four measures. For (b) the evidence did support a Goldilocks effect for all four measures, but these were under-powered analyses and the findings did not reach statistical significance. If substantiated on larger samples, a curvilinear relationship between aspects of internet use and cyberbullying would suggest a 'safe zone' for adolescent internet use, bringing its benefits while minimizing risks of cyberbullying. In the future, similar research should use larger sample sizes or longitudinal measures when exploring nonlinear trends and include other aspects of mental well-being.

Investigating the capabilities of information technologies to support policymaking in COVID-19 crisis management; a systematic review and expert opinions.

BACKGROUND: Today, numerous countries are fighting to protect themselves against the Covid-19 crisis, while the policymakers are confounded and empty handed in dealing with this chaotic circumstance. The infection and its impacts have made it difficult to make optimal and suitable decisions. New information technologies play significant roles in such critical situations to address and relieve stress during the coronavirus crisis. This article endeavours to recognize the challenges policymakers have typically experienced during pandemic diseases, including Covid-19, and, accordingly, new information technology capabilities to encounter with them. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The current study utilizes the synthesis of findings of experts' opinions within the systematic review process as the research method to recognize the best available evidence drawn from text and opinion to offer practical guidance for policymakers. RESULTS: The results illustrate that the challenges fall into two categories including; encountering the disease and reducing the results of the disease. Furthermore, Internet of things, cloud computing, machine learning and social networking play the most significant roles to address these challenges.

Connecting humanity: assessing investment needs of connecting humanity to the Internet by 2030

Nearly half the global population aged 10 years and over ­ equating to some three billion people ­ has never used the Internet. Many of the unconnected live in rural and remote areas, where connectivity remains a challenge. A disproportionate number are women, particularly in Africa and South Asia, where the digital gender divide is particularly marked. And of course most are poor, lack basic literacy and, with only limited digital exposure, see little value in getting online. With just ten years remaining to meet the SDGs, this timely new report asks: What will it take to connect the world? How much investment is needed, where are the global 'pain points', and how can we mobilize the unprecedented levels of financing needed to extend networks to unserved communities?

Why Predictive Modeling is Critical in the Fight against COVID-19 / ¿Por qué los modelos predictivos son cruciales en la lucha contra la COVID-19?

A number of predictive models and forecasting exercises have been developed by various organizations, such as research groups, academic institutions, hospitals, and consulting companies, with the main aim to support health systems in with COVID-19 strategic decision making, planning, and health policy formulation that help in the fight against COVID19. Predictive models are helpful for estimating the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths; the resources required, e.g., such as hospital patient beds and ICU beds; and the demand for supplies, such as personal protective equipment (PPE). Because predictive models for COVID-19 must rely on a rapidly changing situation and underlying data, they produce results that may change repeatedly as data areas data is updated and revised. Nevertheless, the predictive models are meaningful and can offer crucial insights to policymakers. It is important that we understand the strengths and weaknesses of predictive models in order to use them judiciously as support and reference tools for COVID-19 planning and action.

Los modelos predictivos son útiles para estimar el número de casos y de muertes por la COVID-19; los recursos necesarios, como las camas de hospital y de UCI; y la demanda de suministros, como la de equipos de protección personal (EPP). Dado que los modelos predictivos para la COVID-19 deben basarse en situaciones y datos subyacentes que cambian rápidamente, los resultados que producen pueden cambiar repetidamente a medida que se actualizan y revisan los datos. No obstante, los modelos predictivos tienen interés y pueden aportar perspectivas que son cruciales para los responsables de las políticas. Es importante que conozcamos los puntos fuertes y las limitaciones de los modelos predictivos para usarlos de forma juiciosa como elementos de apoyo y herramientas de referencia para la planificación y la actuación en torno a la COVID-19.

Use of Telemedicine and Virtual Care for Remote Treatment in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic.

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant strain on medical centers resources. Thus, concerns about the reducing and management of COVID-19 are on the rise, as there is need to provide diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and follow-ups during the pandemic. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic has radically and quickly altered how medical practitioners provide care to patients. Medical centers are now responding to COVID-19 through rapid adoption of digital tools and technologies such as telemedicine and virtual care which refer to the delivery of healthcare services digital or at a distance using Information and Communications Technology (ICT) for treatment of patients. Telemedicine is expected to deliver timely care while minimizing exposure to protect medical practitioners and patients. Accordingly, a rapid literature review was conducted, and 35 research studies published from 2019 to May 2020 were employed to provide theoretical and practical evidence on the significance of using telemedicine and virtual care for remote treatment of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article provides practical guide based on how to use telemedicine and virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides implication on the potentials of consolidating virtual care solutions in the near future towards contributing to integrate digital technologies into healthcare.

Qualitative Validation of the Nursing Home IT Maturity Staging Model.

The goal of the current study was to qualitatively explore issues of validity, specificity, and sensitivity regarding the nursing home (NH) information technology (IT) maturity survey and staging model. Participants who completed the NH IT maturity survey were recruited during pilot testing of the survey and staging model. Cognitive interviewing was used to collect qualitative data. Findings indicate the NH IT maturity survey and staging model is a straightforward and acceptable instrument. Every participant in our study agreed with the IT maturity stage assigned to their facility, based on their total score on the IT maturity survey. However, some participants were not sure how to answer some questions on the survey because they did not have in-depth knowledge of IT processes that took place outside of their NH facility and others experienced difficulty interpreting items because their NH facility was in a time of transition. The next step in development is quantitative psychometric testing and use of the instrument in a 3-year national study. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46(7), 47-54].

A survey of Chinese pharmacists participating in anti-infective therapy and its related information technology support.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Anti-infective therapy is the major daily work for most clinical pharmacists in China, and information technology (IT) support for them is very important. However, the current situation of pharmacists' roles in anti-infective therapy and related IT support are seldom reported. The aim of the study was to investigate the current situation of pharmacists participating in anti-infective therapy and the corresponding hospital IT support, which may help identify and solve related problems and facilitate pharmacists to play better roles. METHODS: A 15-item questionnaire was distributed online to clinical pharmacists from Chinese hospitals. Pharmacists answered the questions on the WeChat platform. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 272 valid questionnaires were returned, and the respondents were from 27 provinces (or autonomous regions or municipalities) of China covering over 15 specialties. Most of the respondents (76.1%) were from tertiary hospitals and 72.4% of all the respondents participated in anti-infective therapy. They mainly performed drug selection (95.4%), dose adjustment (88.8%) and adverse drug reaction monitoring (84.8%) for anti-infective therapy, in ways such as consultation (71.1%), drug consult (86.3%) and prescription evaluation (88.8%). Most pharmacists (93.0%) thought that the modules of anti-infective therapy in hospital IT system needed to be advanced, in the aspects of doctor-pharmacist interaction, convenience for pharmacists to control drug expenses and integration of multi-functions for anti-infective therapy. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The roles of Chinese clinical pharmacists in anti-infective therapy are becoming increasingly clear, and establishing smart, pharmacist-friendly and highly-integrated electronic interfaces will facilitate the establishment of pharmacist-driven anti-infective therapy team, thus improving work efficiency and user experience.

Daily effects of continuous ICT demands on work-family conflict: Negative spillover and role conflict.

Growing concerns about intensive information and communication technology (ICT) use led to abundant research on its debilitating effects on employees' abilities to meet family demands. Drawing on the stressor-strain model, we conducted a daily diary study to investigate how different types of daily ICT demands experienced during work hours and after work influence work-family conflict (WFC) in the evening. We collected data from 98 full-time employees (793 day-level observations) for 10 consecutive workdays to understand employees' work-nonwork interface experiences, namely, negative spillover and role conflict. First, we examined a multilevel mediation model to test the negative spillover effect of on-the-job ICT demands on WFC in the evening via negative affect (NA) at the end of the workday. Second, we investigated the effects of off-the-job ICT demands on WFC to provide evidence of role conflict in the nonwork domain. Further, we tested the protective role of boundary control in these phenomena. The multilevel analysis results revealed that different types of ICT demands experienced at work have idiosyncratic impacts on WFC. Also, while extended availability after work hours yields greater WFC, this link was weaker for the employees who perceive high boundary control.

Habits and Attitudes of Video Gaming and Information Technology Use in People with Schizophrenia: Cross-Sectional Survey.

BACKGROUND: Information technology and video gaming have potential advantages in the treatment of schizophrenia. However, information regarding the habits and attitudes related to internet use and video gaming in people with schizophrenia is limited. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the habits and attitudes regarding video gaming and information technology usage and their associated factors in people with schizophrenia in Hong Kong. METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey, service users with schizophrenia were recruited from 6 halfway hostels and 7 integrated centers for mental wellness in Hong Kong. A 79-item self-report questionnaire was utilized to explore the habits of internet use and video gaming in these people with schizophrenia. The attitude toward video gaming was assessed using the Gaming Attitudes, Motivations, and Experiences Scales. Of the 148 individuals in a convenience sample who were invited to participate in this study, 110 willingly participated (a response rate of 74.3%). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a two-tailed independent t test, Pearson correlation, and principal analysis with 3 methods of rotation (varimax, equimax, and promax). RESULTS: Most participants (100/110, 90.9%) had access to the internet and half of them (54/110, 49.1%) used the internet daily mostly to watch videos (66/110, 60.0%) or read news or books, etc (42/110, 38.2%). One-third of the participants (36/110, 32.7%) used the internet to play web-based games, and most of them (88/110, 80.0%) had played a video game in the past year. The most favorable gaming platforms were cellular phones (43/88, 49%) followed by computers (19/88, 22%) and arcade cabinets (6/88, 7%). The most favorable game genre was action games (34/145, 23.4%). Those who had a bachelor's degree or higher scored lower in social interaction than those with a lower education level (P=.03). Those who played video games daily scored higher in the category of story than those who did not play daily (t86=2.03, P=.05). The most popular gaming category was autonomy and the least popular categories were violent catharsis and violent reward. Two motives, "social playing" and "evasive playing," were formed to describe the characteristics of playing video games. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed a high internet utilization rate among people with schizophrenia in Hong Kong. Only a few of them used the internet to search for health-related information. Our study also exemplified the unique habits of gaming among the participants. Health care professionals could utilize video games to engage people with schizophrenia and promote coping with stress and provide social skills training to such people with schizophrenia. Identification of the gaming attitudes can contribute to the development of serious games for the schizophrenic population. Further investigation is vital for the promotion of mental health through web-based platforms.

Innovation in Chinese internet companies: A meta-frontier analysis.

The innovation of a particular company benefits the whole industry when innovation technology transfers to others. Similarly, the development and innovation in internet companies influence the development and innovation of the industry. This investigation has applied a unique approach of meta-frontier analysis to estimate and analyze the innovation in internet companies in China. A unique dataset of Chinese internet companies from 2000 to 2017 has been utilized to estimate and compare the innovation over the period of study. The change in technology gap ratio (TGR) and a shift in production function have translated into innovation which was overlooked by previous studies. It is found that the production function of internet companies is moving upward in the presence of external factors such as smartphones invention, mobile internet, mobile payments, and artificial intelligence, etc. Consequently, a sudden increase in TGR is captured due to the innovation of some companies. Hence, the average TE of the industry falls caused by the increased distance of other companies form industry production function. However, the innovation advantage defused when other companies start imitating and the average TE elevates. A steady increase in the TGR index revealed that the continuous innovation-based growth of some companies lifting the production frontier upward. This provides the opportunity for other companies to imitate and provides continuous growth in the industry. This study provides a novel methodological approach to measure innovation and also provide practical implication by empirical estimation of innovation in Chinese internet companies.